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Wheat Information Service
Number 81:13-17 (1995)
Natural occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat
grain collected from Dobroudja, the biggest wheat-producing region in
Bulgaria
Zhivko Atanassov1,2, Chiharu
Nakamura1, Petko Petkov2, lvan
Panayotov2, Chuldchi Kaneda1 and Takumi
Yoshizawa3
1Laboratory of Plant ant Genetics, Faculty of
Agriculture, Kobe University, 1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada- ku, Kobe 657,
Japan
2Inatitute of Wheat and Sunflower, Dobroudja, near General
Toshevo, Bulgaria
3Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture,
Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Ikedo, Kagawa 761-07, Japan
Summary
Natural occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in grain of
bread wheat due to fusarium, head blight was surveyed using samples
collected from Dobroudja, the biggest wheat-producing region in
Bulgaria. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was detected in more than 80 % of the
samples, while nivalenol (NIV) was detected only in one sample. A
large variability was observed in the amount of DON (5-137 ng/g dry
weight of grain). Our result shows that DON predominates among the
trichothecene mycotoxins naturally occurring in this region of
Bulgaria.
Introduction
Fusarium. head blight is a disease causing significant yield
losses in wheat and other cereals. The disease is important because
it causes mycotoxicoses in animals and human due to contamination in
infected grain and chaff with highly toxic fungal metabolites, i. e.
trichothecene mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol
(NIV) and their derivatives, (Marasas et al. 1984).
Problems of fusarium head blight have not been seriously considered
in Bulgaria until recently. 'There is no systematic survey on the
distribution of causal Fusarium species, the natural incidence
of fusarium. head blight or Fusarium mycotoxin contamination
in wheat grain. In Bulgaria, as in neighboring countries, however, a
slowly but progressively increasing incidence of this disease has
been noticed recently. We therefore made a survey on the natural
occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat grain collected
from Dobroudja, the biggest wheat-producing region in Bulgaria.
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