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Genotypic differences in
anther culture response consist of at least three factors, embryoid
induction, green plant regeneration and albino frequency (Henry and
De Buyser 1985; Ekiz and Konzak 1994a). There are significant
differences among genotypes in embryoid induction and albino
frequency compared to plant regeneration (Ekiz and Konzak 1994b).
Effects of the D genome on anther culture response has been
demonstrated in recent studies (Shimada et al. 1991; Ghaemi and
Sarrafi 1994). Foroughi-Wehr and Zeller (1990) assumed that the
increased regeneration frequency by a substitution of chromosome 4B
may result from a shift in hormone metabolism, which reduces the
sensitivity of the cells to exogenous hormones. Mathias and Atkinson
(1988) suggested that allelic variation at the Rht1 and
Rht2 loci affect callus growth, somatic embryogenesis and
plant regeneration, via an effect on the GA metabolism. Although
genes that control somatic embryogenesis appear to be independent of
those that control anther culture response (Agache et al. 1988),
influences of the Rht1 and Rht2 genes on anther culture
response have never been examined.
This study was intended to determine effect of chromosomes 4B and 4D
using ditelosomic lines (Experiment 1) and of the Rht1 and
Rht2 genes in isolines (Experiment 2) upon embryoid induction
ability in wheat anther culture.
Materials and methods
Plant materials
Experiment 1: Chinese Spring (CS) and its four ditelosomic lines (DT)
for chromosomes 4B and 4D were used. The lines were kindly presented
by Prof Y Furuta, Gifu University. Haruyutaka, which has a high
embryoid induction ability, was used as a check cultivar.
Anther donor plants were grown in two replicates. The first replicate
consisted of plants grown from April to July 1994 at the experiment
field of Obihiro University and the second from June to August 1994
at a glasshouse.
Experiment 2: Three isolines of spring wheat Triple Derk (TD) and
four of winter wheat Itana were used. They differ from each other in
the alleles at the Rht1 and Rht2 loci. The TD and Itana
isolines were kindly given by Dr. MA. Dalling, University of
Melbourne, and Dr. R.E. Allen, Washington State University,
respectively.
TD and its semidwarf isolines had three replicates. The first
replicate consisted of anther donor plants grown from April to July
at the experiment field, the second and the third from March to May
and June to August, respectively at a glasshouse. In the Itana set,
anther donor plants were raised in two replicates. The first was from
September 1993 to June 1994 at the experiment field. Seeds of
the second replicate were vernalized for 40 days at 59C in a
refrigerator, then they were grown from May to August 1994 in a
growth cabinet (22, 18C/day, night).
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