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Number 86: 31-38 (1998)
Research article
Cytoplasmic
diversity in Triticum and Aegilops evaluated by the
respiratory electron flows in seedlings of alloplasmic hybrids of
common wheat
K.
Kasai1, R. Solis1, N. Asakura1, N.
Mori2 and C. Nakamural,2,*
1Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kobe
University
2Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Department of Biological
and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, 1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657, Japan
Summary
Fifteen cytoplasms of Triticum and Aegilops species were
characterized by the respiratory electron flows through the
cytochrome and alternative paths under normal and NaCI salinity
conditions using 3-day-old seedlings of common wheat (T. aestivum
L.) cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and the alloplasmic hybrids of
CS. Under the normal condition, five plasm types of C, SI, Sb, Mt and
Mt2 showed respiratory path activities equivalent to those of B plasm
type of the euplasmic CS. NaCI salinity caused significant increases
in the total and cytochrome path activities but no detectable changes
in the alternative path activity in CS. Plasm types of SI and Mt
showed a similar salinity response to the euplasmic CS. These results
and a cluster analysis suggested that SI plasm type of Ae.
sharonensis is most closely related to B plasm type of CS.
Keywords: cytoplasmic diversity, respiratory electron flow,
NaCI salinity, Triticum and Aegilops, B plasm donor
Introduction
In Triticum and Aegilops, the evolution of plasmons
has been studied extensively using cytoplasm substitution lines or
alloplasmic hybrids in which given nuclei of common wheat and/or
tetraploid wheat are combined with alien cytoplasms from various
species in these genera (for reviews see Tsunewaki 1980, 1989, 1993,
1995; Ohtsuka 1991; Maan 1995). Plasmon diversity in Triticum
and Aegilops has been studied primarily based on the
nucleus-cytoplasm interactions affecting fertility and other
physiological and agronomical characteristics in the alloplasmic
hybrids (Kihara 1954; Tsunewaki 1980, 1993, 1995; Ohtsuka 1991; Maan
1995; Tsunewaki et al. 1996). The organellar DNA polymorphisms in the
alloplasmic hybrids also have provided important information on the
cytoplasmic diversity and maternal lineage in Triticum and
Aegilops (Ogihara and Tsunewaki 1982, 1988; Tsunewaki and
Ogihara 1983; Terachi and Tsunewaki 1986, 1992; Terachi et al. 1990;
Miyashita et al. 1994; Ohsako et al. 1996; Wang et al. 1997).
However, information on the physiological contribution of the alien
cytoplasms in the two major organellar functions, i. e.
photosynthesis in chloroplasts and respiration in mitochondria,
has been limited in the alloplasmic hybrids. A considerable amount of
information is available on the photosynthetic components and
activities in Triticum and Aegilops species (Chen et
al. 1975; Austin et al. 1984; Evans 1986; Evans and Austin 1986;
Terachi et al. 1987; Nakamura et al. 1991; Kasai et al. 1997), but a
very few studies have been reported on the effects of alien
cytoplasms on the respiratory characteristics in the alloplasmic
hybrids (Iwanaga et al. 1978; Nakamura et al. 1991).
In this paper we report the cytoplasmic diversity evaluated by the
respiratory electron flows in seedlings of common wheat cv. CS and 14
alloplasmic hybrids of CS under normal and NaCI salinity conditions.
Based on the data and the estimated taxonomic relationship, it was
suggested that SI plasm type of Ae. sharonensis is most
closely related to B plasm type of CS.
*Corresponding author: nakamura@kobe-u.ac.jp
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