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Wheat Information
Service
Number 86: 41-42 (1998)
Research information
Crossability
percentages of some improved wheat cultivars (lines) from China with
rye
Qi Zeng-Jun*, Liu Shu-Bing, Wang
Hong-Gang and Li Qing-Qi
Department
of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong
Province, 271018, China
Many papers have reported the crossability of bread wheat landraces
from China with rye (Luo et al. 1992, 1993a, 1993b, 1994), however,
few of them has excellent agronomic traits, so I landraces with high
crossability were less useful in wheat breeding by distant cross than
those with both high crossability and excellent agronomic traits.
With the artificial evolution of wheat cultivars, more and more
cultivars or lines with high-yielding, multi-resistance, semi- dwarf
and so on appears in China, but little work has been done to test
their distant crossability, we so selected some improved wheat
cultivars or lines, most of them are being grown in China, to cross
with rye in order to reveal their distant crossability, this would be
more helpful in wheat breeding by distant cross.
Of 69 wheat materials (Triticum aestivum L.), the landrace
Chinese Spring from Sichuan Province was as the check, the improved
cultivars or lines were kindly provided by Professor Bao Wen-Yi and
Mr. Wang Yong. Of 68 wheat cultivars or lines, most of them were from
Shandong Province, the others were from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei
provinces and Beijing City. Rye (Secale cereale) was used as
male tester in the crosses. In each wheat material about 400 florets
were emasculated and pollinated by brush with large amount of fresh
pollen of rye at the appropriate stage of stigma receptivity at Taian
farm in Shandong Province, China in 1993. The crossability percentage
was expressed in terms of the % seed-set out of the florets
pollinated in each cross.
Of 69 wheat materials (Table
1), Chinese
Spring showed the highest crossability (82. 3%) with the rye, no
cultivar or line expressed higher or similar crossability than or to
the check, and only 3 cultivars had a crossability more than 50%, 3
ones with 30-50%, 5 ones with 10-30%, and 57 cultivars or lines with
less than 10% crossability.
In comparison with the previous studies (Luo et al. 1992, 1993a,
1993b, 1994) on the crossability of bread wheat landraces from China,
there were less cultivars or lines with high crossability than that
of landraces and no cultivar or line were with higher or similar
crossability than or to Chinese Spring. The results revealed that
with artificial evolution of wheat cultivars, wheat cultivars or
lines are losing their crossability with rye despite their improving
agronomic traits, so it is very important to transfer the high
crossability genes into the improved wheat cultivars or lines in
wheat breeding.
References
Luo MC, Yen C and Yang JL (1992) Crossability percentages of bread
wheat landraces from Sichuan Province, China with rye. Euphytica
61:1-7.
Luo MC, Yen C and Yang JL (1993a) Crossability percentages of bread
wheat landraces from Shuaanxi and Henan Provinces China with rye.
Euphytica 67:1-8.
Luo MC, Yen C and Yang JL (1993b) Crossability percentages of bread
wheat collections from Tibet, China with rye. Euphytica
70:127-129.
Luo MC, Yen C and Yang JL (1994) Crossability percentages of bread
wheat landraces from Hunan and Hubei provinces, China with rye. Wheat
Inf Serv 78: 34-38.
* The present address: Department of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural
University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
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