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Materials and methods
Two near-isogenic lines (NILs) of spring common wheat
Novosibirskaya 67 (Koval 1997) were used, ANK-29 possesses short
glumes and spherical grains, and ANK-30 has long glumes. The pure
line of T. aestivum var. albidum cv. Novosibirskaya 67
(N-67), used as a standard, exhibits medium glume length, resistance
to lodging and loose smut, and susceptibility to leaf rust and
powdery mildew. Its gliadins (according to Metakovsky) are 1A3, 1B4,
1D3, 6A16, 6B2, and 6D6; other alleles of importance for the present
investigation include: response to vernalization, Vrn1,
Vrn2, and vrn3; grain color, r1, r2, and r3
; awnlessness, B1, M, and hd; color and haired
glume, hg, bg, and rg; hybrid necrosis, ne1 and ne2
; haired nodes, Hn; and purple stem color, Pc.
The marker trait s1 was donated to ANK-29 by T.
sphaerococcum (k-5498), and Eg1 to ANK-30 by T.
polonicum (k-19597). The numbers of donors are cited from the
catalogue of the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (St. Petersburg,
Russia). Growth habit and plant development of these NILs coincided
with those of the recurrent parent (N-67). Development of our NILs
and their complete list were described earlier (Koval. 1997).
Genetic analysis of the marker traits involved aneuploids, monosomic
3D from Milturum 553 monosomic series (Tsilke and Zharkov 1981) and
fertile nullisomic 7A isolated in the progeny of a monosomic from
Saratovskaya 29 aneuploid series (Maystrenko and Troshina 1970). The
aneuploids were kindly provided by Prof. R.A. Tsilke (Agricultural
University, Novosibirsk, Russia) land Dr. 0.I. Maystrenko (Institute
of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia). Both aneuploids and
their recurrent parents, Milturum. 553 and Saratovskaya, 29, have
medium length glumes similar to N-67 and other Siberian
cultivars.
Productivity of the NILs was studied in a field experiment
(1992-1993) in the experimental farm of the Institute of Cytology and
Genetics (Novosibirsk). The plants were seeded in a threerow plots,
row length 1 m. The experiment was made in triplicate. The plants
from the middle row were assayed. The measurements made were used to
calculate the weight per 1000 kernels and the harvest index, that is,
the ratio of the grain weight to the total biomass of the plant. The
spike density was calculated as a quotient of its length and the
number of its spikelets (including the sterile ones).
In addition, 30 plants were used to measure the glume, lemma, and
palea lengths in the middle part of the spike and the linear sizes
(length and width) of the corresponding grains.
Results
The phenotype of ANK-29 plant is typical of T. sphaerococcum
and it is maladapted to Siberian conditions. The F1
hybrids with the recurrent parent were similar to Novosibirskaya 67
except for a more closely packed spike. Thus, the short glume trait
proved to be recessive. ANK-30 differed from Novosibirskaya 67 by a
lengthened glume, which was dominant.
The F2 segregation of the hybrids with the recurrent
parent was close to 3: 1, corresponding to the monogenic mode of
inheritance (Table 1). The F2
generation of the cross mono 3D x ANK-29 contained 110 plants with
shortened glumes and 2 nullisomics with medium-length glumes, typical
of N-67. The set of sphaerococcoid traits was incompletely expressed
in a hemizygous state. Therefore, the F3 generation of all
the 110 plants was raised (according to the F2 families).
The plants with ANK-29 phenotype were present in all the families of
the third generation. Thus, the marker trait was present in all the
110 F2 plants, and no segregation occurred in the second
generation. All the F1 plants of the cross nulli 7A x
ANK-30 were monosomics. In the second generation, all the 132
monosomic and disomic plants had long glumes typical of ANK-30. This
contrasted with the N-67 x ANK-30 cross when the F2 showed
monogenic segregation.
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